List 6 Particles and Contrasting Definitions

ˆra, ch inferential, drawing a conclusion. "For if righteousness comes through the law, then Christ died uselessly"

Šra (Galatians 2.21).

qt in questions as improbable possibility. "Ask the Lord if perhaps he will forgive…" (Acts 8.22).

Note Our analysis of ‡ra is made without reference to the accenting in The Greek New Testament.

g€r cs when introducing a subordinate grounds, reason, or explanatory clause. "… for what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 1.20).

qs 1. when introducing a new sentence and highlighting the significance of the question, "What!" or "Why!" rather than providing a reason. "What bad thing has he done?" (Matthew 27.23)

qs 2. when making a strong affirmation, "indeed" or "by no/all means." "Surely not!" (Acts 16.37).

€n cs when conditional; corresponds to e¸. "And if a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand" (Mark 3.24).

qv when contingent; equivalent to ˆn. "But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away" (2 Corinthians 3.16).

ei abr equivalent to cc but with specific antecedent present. "I wrote in order to know your character, that you are obedient in everything" (2 Corinthians 2.9). (This may also be interpreted as QT, "whether.")

cc sentential noun clause. "Why is it judged incredible by you that God raises the dead" (Acts 26.8).

cs regular conditional. "If you show favoritism, you’re sinning" (James 2.9).

qt "whether," both in direct and indirect questions. "Is it all right for me to say something to you?" (Acts 21.37).

Note See discussion in 10.6 above about noun clauses (e¸, ABR and CC).

¹de qs attention getter. "Look! I earned five more talents" (Matthew 25.20).

vmaa--2s when coordinated with another imperative. "Philip said to him, ‘Come and see!’" (John 1.46), or when taking a direct object (Romans 11.22).

m™n cc when item and response (or item and pair) bear equal prominence with respect to each other. Following pair need not be overtly marked with a conjunction (d™ or otherwise). "Mšn there are many members, dš one body" (1 Corinthians 12.20).

cs when item is less prominent than response (or pair). "The priests regularly enter the mšn first tabernacle, … the second dš room only the high priest enters once a year" (Hebrews 9.6-7).

qs when no pair in following structure. This may be an intentional intensifier, or it may occur when the author was apparently distracted from continuing with the response. "… whom heaven must receive until everything is restored…" (Acts 3.21).

mÐ qn "not." "… just as the nations who do not know God" (1 Thessalonians 4.5).

cc sentential noun clause. "I fear that somehow when I come I may not find you as I wish" (2 Corinthians 12.20).

cs negative purpose, "in order that not." "Watch out that your freedom does not become a stumbling block to the weak" (1 Corinthians 8.9).

qt rhetorical-question particle. "You are not one of his disciples, are you?" (John 18.25).

Note See discussion in 10.6 above about noun clauses (mÐ CC) and discussion in 11.2 about rhetorical questions.

mÐpote ab "never." "A will is in force only when someone has died, for it never takes effect while the one who made it is living" (Hebrews 9.17).

cc sentential noun clause. "Let us be afraid that … any of you be found to have fallen short of it" (Hebrews 4.1).

cs negative purpose. "And watch yourselves in order that your hearts not be weighed down with…" (Luke 21.34).

qt rhetorical-question particle, perhaps improbable possibility. "Could it possibly be that the rulers know that this is the Christ?" (John 7.26).

Note See discussion in 10.6 above about noun clauses (mÐpote cc).

oÇ (and qn "not." "… we lie and are not doing the truth" (1 John 1.6).

oÇc°) qs contrasted with na° negative-response particle. "And he answered, ‘No’" (John 1.21).

qt rhetorical question particle. "You understand, don’t you, that everything entering the mouth…?" (Matthew 5.17).

oÇd™ ab "not even." "I do not think that even the world itself would be able to hold the books that would be written" (John 21.25).

cc "neither, nor." "I will never leave you nor forsake you" (Hebrews 13.5).

cc+ when the first occurrence of a series of coordinate conjunctions. "Don't you remember either the five loaves …" (Matthew 16.9-10).

qt rhetorical question particle. "For even nature teaches, doesn’t it, that…" (1 Corinthians 11.14).

oÊn cc resumptive, continuative, introducing a new topic. "So the sisters sent word to him saying…" (John 11.3).

ch inferential, drawing a conclusion, expectable consequence, result. "Therefore, whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do everything to God’s glory" (1 Corinthians 10.31).

qs when marking some degree of emphasis. "So then my manner of life …" (Acts 26.4).